Taekwondo :: essays research papers

Do you know what Taekwondo is? Do you know how Taekwondo benefits the professional? Do you realize Taekwondo is likewise viewed as a game and is an occasion in many significant rivalries? At the point when these inquiries are posed, most of the individuals who answer don't have the foggiest idea about the right answers or the total answer. Albeit numerous individuals don't think a lot about Taekwondo, there are a huge number of individuals overall getting included. Taekwondo is the world's quickest developing military workmanship, with right now more than fifty million experts and becoming regular. Most of the specialists who get included do as such to learn self-preservation. Not exclusively do the professionals learn self-preservation, however they likewise learn numerous accommodating things and get the advantages that Taekwondo brings to the table. Additionally, Taekwondo has become a game in many major donning rivalries. In any case, basically, Taekwondo gives individuals wearin g and self-protecting capacity and gives that individual an edge in day by day life, with its benefits as a military workmanship game of self-control. Â Â Â Â Â First of all, Taekwondo shows the professional self-protection, which can be utilized for a lifetime. A significant number of the self-protection procedures educated invigorate numerous genuine circumstances so the individual would realize what to do when trapped in a comparative circumstance. Likewise, in light of the fact that not all things can be educated for all circumstances that emerge, numerous essential strategies, rules, techniques, and ideas are instructed and underlined. Then again, self-preservation practice incorporates doing regular bores, structures, and competing. Self-protection preparing doesn't generally need to be 100 percent self-preservation preparing. In spite of the fact that, you truly don't get guidance on self-protection when doing drills, structures, or fighting, those practices are simply one more method of learning self-preservation and improving your expertise of self-preservation. Fundamentally, all the guidance ideas, strategies, and r ules of Taekwondo show an individual self preservation somehow. Â Â Â Â Â Second of all, Taekwondo is delegated a game along just like a military workmanship. Since Taekwondo is delegated a game, Taekwondo is once in a while alluded to as a military craftsmanship sport. There are numerous reasons why Taekwondo has become a game. A couple of reasons are on the grounds that the fame that Taekwondo has gotten is overpowering, the sorted out athletic rivalry (like boxing), and the push to think about Taekwondo as a game by numerous specialists, experts, educators, and authorities of associations around the world. Numerous athletic rivalries are beginning to or as of now have included Taekwondo as an official occasion.

Hellbender essays

Hellbender expositions (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) Cryptobranchus alleganiensis is the biggest North American lizard, extending long from 30.5 to 74 cm (Niering 1985). Eastern Hellbenders are individuals from the request for followed creatures of land and water, Caudata and the family, Cryptobranchidae. Alongside C. a. bishopi, the Ozark Hellbender, it is one of the two subspecies of hellbenders, otherwise called the Allegheny C. a. alleganiensis is perpetually amphibian, inclining toward clear quick moving waterways or enormous streams with rough bottoms. Most are found in water 12 to 46 cm profound and will in general maintain a strategic distance from territories with thick layers of residue (Hillis and Bellis 1971). It ranges from the Susquehanna River and its tributaries in New York and Pennsylvania to the Ohio River and its tributaries including the Allegheny, which gives it its species name, westbound to the Mississippi River and southward to Missouri, Arkansas, and Georgia. It has likewise been recorded in Iowa (Bishop 1943). C. a. alleganiensis has a dorsoventrally straightened body and a horizontally leveled tail. The tail is the principle methods for velocity, yet the hellbender can likewise creep when looking for asylum (Hillis and Bellis 1971). C. a. alleganiensis is dim dark or olive-earthy colored with a mottled or spotted example on its dorsal surface. The ventral surface is a lighter shade with not many markings (Niering 1985). The male and female are comparative in appearance, however the male is more extensive and heavier than a female of a similar length. Eyelids are missing. It has five toes on its rear feet and four on the fore feet, the vast majority of which create during C. a. alleganiensis is nighttime, going through its days covering up under rocks with just the tip of its wide head uncovered. It shows diurnal conduct just during its mating season which happens in pre-fall or late-summer contingent upon geographic ... <!

Pros and Cons of Breast Cancer and Biomakers Research Paper

Upsides and downsides of Breast Cancer and Biomakers - Research Paper Example The majority of the tumor markers are delivered by disease cells and furthermore ordinary cells, yet are expanded in malignant conditions. These elements are found in tumor tissue, blood, pee and different tissues and liquids of the body in certain patients with malignancy. As a rule, tumor markers are proteins. (National Cancer Institute, 2012) More than 20 diverse tumor markers have been portrayed and described and they are in clinical use (National Cancer Institute, 2012). While some are related with just one sort of disease, others are related with more than one kind of malignant growth. Be that as it may, there is no general tumor marker that can distinguish any sort of malignancy. Tumor markers fill different needs in disease the board like supplementing analysis, anticipation, discovery of repeat, and so forth. Notwithstanding, there are sure confinements for the utilization of these markers. In this manner, there are upsides and downsides to the utilization of tumor markers. In this article, upsides and downsides of use of biomarkers or tumor markers in bosom malignant growth the executives will be talked about. Use of bosom malignant growth biomarkers The most widely recognized disease influencing ladies everywhere throughout the world is bosom malignancy and it has been evaluated that one million cases are analyzed each year around the world (Duffy et al, 2005). The fundamental introducing highlights of the sickness remember protuberance for the bosom, skin shape changes and areola release. Asymptomatic cases might be gotten during routine screening tests. Authoritative determination is histopathology of the biopsy example. A few blood based biomarkers are accessible, however they don't have a job in the early determination of the infection. For limited bosom malignant growth, essential treatment is mastectomy or bosom saving medical procedure and radiation. In obtrusive bosom malignant growth, essential treatment is trailed by hormone treatment or ch emotherapy. These medications have appeared to decrease mortality identified with bosom malignancy. Following essential treatment, the patients are followed up at ordinary interims for observation. This incorporates clinical history, point by point physical assessment, chest X-beam, mammography, biochemical testing and utilization of bosom malignancy markers. The aim is to recognize repetitive ailment at a beginning time with the goal that results are better. This is one utilization of tumor marker. There are different employments of tumor markers in bosom disease the executives. Repetitive ailment is regular even in lymph hub negative cases and helpful choices in such cases incorporate restrictive hormone treatment or chemotherapy or a blend of both. Metastatic bosom malignant growth is viewed as hopeless and treatment is for the most part palliative. Sequential evaluation of tumor markers is helpful in to choose whether a specific treatment methodology can be proceeds or there is a need to change to another treatment methodology. Hence, it is presently evident that tumor markers are important for ideal administration of bosom malignant growth (Duffy et al, 2005). Aces of bosom disease biomarkers There are 2 kinds of tumor markers accessible for bosom malignant growth and they are serum markers and tissue markers. Instances of serum markers helpful in bosom disease incorporate CEA, CA 15-3, polypeptide antigen or TPA, BR 27.29, tissue polypeptide explicit antigen or TPS and the shed type of HER-2 (Duffy, 2006). Instances of tissue markers incorporate urokinase plasminogen activator, HER-2, hormone receptors and plasminogen activator-1. The vast majority of the oncological associations in Europe, US and different nations suggest routine examine of progesterone and estrogen receptors on all recently analyzed bosom tumors to choose the kind of hormone treatment (Duffy, 2006). These markers are additionally valuable to decide forecast. HER-2 is likewise suggested on all recently analyzed bosom malignant growth cases. The primary reason for this is to decide if the disease is appropriate for Trastuzumab (Herceptin). This test is

Living Independently Essays - Adolescence, Educational Psychology

Living Independently Essays - Adolescence, Educational Psychology Living Independently In European nations youngsters after they are 18 should live all alone. Exposition: | - These days there are many individuals who guarantee that youthful grown-ups must live separated from their family. Be that as it may, it causes heaps of debates. What's more, regardless of whether adolescents must leave their home or not is a vital inquiry. From my perspective, youngsters should live all alone and guardians must show their youngsters from this age to live freely. First of all , on the off chance that we don't do it don't move out from guardians home, we can't take care of issues in grown-ups' life. Additionally, living without anyone else implies opportunity of the picked. For instance, you can do anything you desire what's more, at whatever point you need. In any case, there are individuals who consider that it has a ton of inconveniences . They imagine that living separated from family can have a negative effect on young people's conduct. They can begin drinking, smoking, etc. It is consistent with a specific degree, however what the rivals neglect to make reference to is that normally youthful grown-ups simply have insufficient cash to do it. To close, I firmly trust it will be better if youngsters are up to think also, get ready for grown-up's life, in light of the fact that as a familiar adage goes: as you make your awful, so you lie on it.

John Donne free essay sample

Conceived in a catholicfamily - Married Anne Moore in mystery in 1601 - Converted to Anglican Church, turned into an Anglican priestand a senior member at St. Paul - Two sides of his character: Jack Donne/Dr. John Donne As the enthusiastic sweetheart he was constantly expository, attentive, attempting to analyze and clarify his enthusiasm logically. As the celestial, he moved toward God with the enthusiasm he had some time ago appeared to ladies : he tends to Christ with the savagery of a sweetheart. - Startling, stimulating and inquisitively current 2. His Poetry - Not distributed after his demise Ranges from intense love verse to incredible strict verse - Tone: enthusiastic, sensualandintellectual - Classified as Metaphysical Poetry : fantastical comparison[ vanity ] Responds against the customary affectionate sonnets of cultured love - Techniques : extraordinary comparisons[ prides ], plays on words, mysteries, indefinite quality, distortion - Demands an innovative exertion from the peruser 2)Metaphysical Poets - A gathering of Britishlyric writers of the 17thcentury - Share mind, creativity, unpretentious argumentations, and the magical arrogances - The term was first applied to the seventeenth century verse in 1693 by John Dryden He[Donne] influences Metaphysics, . We will compose a custom article test on John Donne or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page . . n his passionate refrains, where natureonly should rule; and confounds the psyches of the reasonable sex with decent theories of theory, when he ought to draw in their souls. Dryden objected to Donnes expressive abundances, especially his unrestrained arrogances (or clever examinations) and his inclination towards hyperbolic deliberations. Responds against the sixteenth century section [smooth and sweet stylevs. vivacious, lopsided and thorough style] The clicheto this point had been draining hearts, lips like fruits, cheeks like roses, Cupids shooting bolts of affection. - Brought back to life in twentieth century by T. S. Eliots paper The Metaphysical Poets(1921) T.S. Eliot contended that their work wires reason with enthusiasm and that it shows a unification of thought and feeling. - John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Lovelace, Andrew Marvell 3)Conceits (Metaphysical Conceits) - An expand metaphorthat offers an astonishing or sudden examination between two apparently profoundly unique things ex) Donnes popular powerful arrogance is looking at two withdrawing loversto a compass. Through the peculiar, however fitting correlation, he attempts to catch the possibility that as one darling, or compass leg, moves further away, the one staying fixed will lean and hearkenâ€Å" after it. Circle is significant as well. Circles have a wide range of representative implications : endlessness, fulfillment, and flawlessness to give some examples. - The mystical vanity can strike from our psyches a similar sparkle of acknowledgment that the writer had, and can give us a comprehension of a genuine yet already unsuspected comparability that is edifying. It can address both our brains and our feelings with an incredible power. (C. Hugh Holman, A Handbook to Literature) - Dr. Samuel Johnsons portrayal of a pride : the most heterogeneous thoughts are burdened by savagery together Dr Johnson clearly hated the otherworldly arrogance. What's more, healso referenced that a peruser is only from time to time satisfied with it. 4)Dramatic Monolog (? Emotional Lyric) 1. Sensational Monolog - A sort of verse sonnet consummated by Robert Browningin his My Last Duchess. - Features a. a speaker expresses the whole sonnet in a particular circumstance at a crucial point in time to an inferred examiner b. theres a hole between what the speaker says and what he really uncovers about his character 2. Emotional Lyrics : The focal point of intrigue is basically on the speakers extravagantly quick contention, as opposed to on the character John Donne free exposition test As the enthusiastic darling he was constantly explanatory, mindful, attempting to analyze and clarify his enthusiasm logically. As the celestial, he moved toward God with the energy he had once in the past appeared to ladies : he tends to Christ with the wildness of a sweetheart. - Startling, strengthening and inquisitively present day 2. His Poetry - Not distributed after his demise Ranges from intense love verse to ground-breaking strict verse - Tone: enthusiastic, sensualandintellectual - Classified as Metaphysical Poetry : unrealistic comparison[ vanity ] - Reacts against the conventional passionate sonnets of elegant love - Techniques : outrageous comparisons[ prides ], plays on words, Catch 22s, lack of definition, embellishment Requests an innovative exertion from the peruser 2)Metaphysical Poets - A gathering of Britishlyric writers of the 17thcentury - Share mind, innovativeness, unpretentious argumentations, and the supernatural arrogances - The term was first applied to the seventeenth century verse in 1693 by John Dryden He[Donne] influences Metaphysics, . . . n his desirous refrains, where natureonly should rule; and astounds the psyches of the reasonable sex with pleasant theories of theory, when he ought to draw in their souls. We will compose a custom exposition test on John Donne or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Dryden opposed Donnes expressive overabundances, especially his indulgent prides (or clever examinations) and his inclination towards hyperbolic reflections. - Reacts against the sixteenth century refrain [smooth and sweet stylevs. lively, lopsided and thorough style] The clicheto this point had been draining hearts, lips like fruits, cheeks like roses, Cupids shooting bolts of adoration. Breathed life into back in twentieth century by T. S. Eliots exposition The Metaphysical Poets(1921) T.S. Eliot contended that their work wires reason with energy and that it shows a unification of thought and feeling. - John Donne, George Herbert, Richard Lovelace, Andrew Marvell 3)Conceits (Metaphysical Conceits) - An expound metaphorthat offers an astonishing or surprising examination between two apparently exceptionally unique things ex) Donnes popular powerful arrogance is contrasting two leaving loversto a compass. Through the weird, yet fitting correlation, he attempts to catch the possibility that as one darling, or compass leg, moves further away, the one staying fixed will lean and hearkenâ€Å" after it. Circle is significant as well. Circles have a wide range of emblematic implications : endlessness, culmination, and flawlessness to give some examples. - The mystical arrogance can strike from our brains a similar flash of acknowledgment that the writer had, and can give us a comprehension of a genuine yet already unsuspected similitude that is illuminating. It can address both our brains and our feelings with an extraordinary power. (C. Hugh Holman, A Handbook to Literature) - Dr. Samuel Johnsons depiction of a vanity : the most heterogeneous thoughts are burdened by viciousness together Dr Johnson clearly loathed the supernatural arrogance. What's more, healso referenced that a peruser is only from time to time satisfied with it. 4)Dramatic Monolog (? Sensational Lyric) 1. Sensational Monolog - A sort of verse sonnet culminated by Robert Browningin his My Last Duchess. - Features a. a speaker expresses the whole sonnet in a particular circumstance at a crucial point in time to an inferred reviewer b. theres a hole between what the speaker says and what he really uncovers about his character 2. Emotional Lyrics : The focal point of intrigue is principally on the speakers extravagantly smart contention, instead of on the character

Announcing the Winner of the 2019 ServiceScape Scholarship

Announcing the Winner of the 2019 ServiceScape Scholarship ServiceScape is pleased to announce the winner of the 2019 Scholarship Contest: Olga Okoulova, from Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Olga completed a Certificate in Business Administration at the University of Victoria in the Fall 2019 and is planning to pursue a Masters of Global Business at the University of Victoria this January 2020.Olga Okoulova is the winner of the 2019 ServiceScape ScholarshipYou can find her winning submission below. We hope you enjoy it and we look forward to reading more great essays for our 2020 Scholarship.Writing seems old-fashioned, doesnt it? Sending letters in the mail and waiting patiently for a response that you cant track or be notified of when it arrives. Learning shorthand in order to take notes during a two-hour-long lecture so that your hand doesnt cramp when the professor decides to give hints on what might be tested on in your upcoming exam.Do people still remember how to address letters? And isnt it much quicker to take notes on your lapt op?With a new generation of technology available at our fingertips, its easy to believe that the power of the written word has been losing strength. That weve outgrown in. That there are faster and easier ways to spread and receive information; through pictures and videos, TV series and documentary films.But what about that feeling, when you get a birthday card and you get to read a message that your best friend would never have had the courage to say out loud? Or receiving that I miss you text from the person that you love? Or devoting your entire night to making flash cards for a test, and realizing, by the time youve actually started to memorize the words, that you already remember them?Even in todays digital age, writing continues to be fundamental to everything that we do. Whether its transcribed with a pen on a piece of paper or opened as a text message on a cell phone, writing has the power to make or break our day, to challenge our perspective, and to teach us. It seems so s imple, a couple of words scribbled down on a piece of paper â€" Im sorry or see you later or, very simply, I love you â€" but where would we be without them?

Rejection of the Abnormal in The Metamorphosis and The Stranger - Literature Essay Samples

Both Gregor Samsa from Franz Kafka’s novel The Metamorphosis and Meursault from Albert Camus’ The Stranger struggle to communicate with the people around them. Although Samsa suffers from physical abnormalities while Meursault possesses ideological differences, both characters through the two authors use of imagery are portrayed as social outcasts and face extreme challenges in their lives. Kafka uses imagery in the Metamorphosis to show how Gregor transforms physically, which leads to his rejection by society. He wakes up one morning to find himself in a man-size insects body. Even before he reveals the details of the transformation, Kafka clearly illustrates the change when he describes Samsa as â€Å"he lay on his armored back and saw, as he raised his head a little, his domes, brown belly, divided in arc segment† (Kafka 13). Gregor Samsas physical irregularities serve to show his alienation from other humans. Another example of imagery that is used to port ray his physical abnormality is the description of Gregors unusual white spots on his back, â€Å"(h)e felt a slight itching on top of his abdomen†¦ and he found the itchy area which was entirely covered with small white spots† (Kafka 14). This quote immediately gives the image of a disturbing and strange appearance that is not usually experienced with a human being, but an insect. His new body that he is trying to settle in is unusually broad that makes him difficult to live with. Furthermore, the novel states that (i)t was very easy to throw aside the blanket†¦ but to continue was difficult, particularly because he was so unusually wide† (Kafka 16). The way Kafka uses imagery in this sentence by including the difficulty of throwing over the blanket creates a picture for the reader, showing the struggle Gregor faces with his new body. At one point in the text, it becomes apparent that Gregor suddenly cannot communicate with other human beings. This inability is one trait that cuts him off from his family and the rest of the characters in the story. Kafka uses imagery to let the reader imagine the struggles to communicate with his mother. As the narrator describes, his mother calls Gregors name, wondering why he is still locked up in his bedroom when he is supposed to be at work. Once he responded to his mother, â€Å"Gregor was startled when he heard his voice answering†¦ as if from below, an irrepressibly painful squeaking, which left words positively distinct† (Kafka 16). By Kafka using the words voice and squeaking, the situation that Gregor is in becomes very visual, as if we can hear him struggling to speak with his squeaky voice. Gregor loses a significant mean of communication, and connecting with people; thus, he spends most of his days alone in his room, away from his family.Kafka has strongly used physical imagery in the novel to support Gregors abnormal look. Physical irregularities are often greeted harshly by o ther people. Kafka now uses imagery to let the reader easily visualize the reactions from Gregors family and friends about his appearance. The attorney asked in a remarkably quiet and curious voice, â€Å"(h)ave you heard Gregor speak yet? That was an animal’s voice† (Kafka 23). By this short quote, the reader can already visualize the attorneys curious and suspicious expression while asking. Clearly, Gregor is unable to communicate with the attorney and explain to him his situation; the attorney starts to realize the abnormality. The reaction of his family, gives him a sense of rejection where he feels different, and has nobody to turn to. As shown in the novel, the reactions that came from his family and his attorney made him quite cautious, from the sudden scream of â€Å"(o)h!† from his attorney, to when his mother collapsed right in the middle of her skirts, and to when his father clenched his fist, showing a hostile expression, as if he wanted to push Gre gor back into his room (Kafka 25). All these examples are visual to the reader, showing his parents and attorneys shocked and frightened reactions. Before Gregor was transformed into a vermin, Gregors isolation was self-inflicted. He chose the lonely life of a traveling salesman, and chose to lock his doors in his own home at night. After the change, it is more likely for others to lock him up in his room. This shows his rejection by society and how he has no control of it. Rather than being patient and concerned, his own father grabs a stick and a newspaper, forcing Gregor back into his bedroom with prods and fierce hisses. Kafka uses imagery to show the signs of rejection from the people around him. The reader can visualize the fathers quick and frightened instinct when he faced Gregor the gargantuan pest. Gregor begins to get the idea that since he is now a pest, society only views him as a bug and does not rely on him or take him seriously anymore, at Gregors first words, the at torney had already turned away, and now he only looked back at Gregor, pursed his lips and shrugged his shoulders† (26). Kafka uses small actions done by the attorney, such as cutting Gregor off, or shrugging his shoulders, to portray imagery and make the attorneys rejection visual for the reader. This also shows that the attorneys indifference toward him further illustrates that Gregor is now considered useless due to his appearance. With Gregor having an unusual physical look, he struggles to live his everyday life, rejected by society.Similarly, Meursault, the protagonist of The Stranger, is rejected by society, however, unlike Samsa, he is an outcast due to his refusal to play the game set by social conventions rather than for his physical appearance. He is simply considered strange and an outcast because he refuses to lie and live the world of fantasy that his society participates in. Meursault does not care about hiding his lack of feelings by shedding false tears over his mother’s death, The sky was already filed with light. The sun was beginning to bear down on the earth and it was getting hotter by the minute†¦ I was hot in my dark clothes. (Camus 15) Camus uses this imagery to show that Meursault is thinking about the hot weather instead of praising for his mother, like the rest of the crowd. This quote that he uses is visual and can let the reader imagine the heat that Meursault is complaining about during his mothers wedding. Meursault has his own set of morals and might think an action of his is very normal, when completely illegal to society, The trigger gave; I felt the smooth underside of the butt; and there, in that noise, sharp and deafening at the same time, is where it all started† (59). Camus first starts with this quote, mentioning two of the five senses, feel and hear, to let the reader picture the situation Meursault is in when attempting to shoot the Arab. Camus continues to use imagery in this scene by using a lot of words that release sound: Then I fired four more times at the motionless body where the bullets lodged without a trace. And it was like knocking four quick time at the door of happiness† (59). This scene that Camus includes clearly distinguishes Meursault from the rest of the people, hence his actions are unacceptable leading to consequences. Usually when a person is sent to jail, ambivalent feelings arrive concerning their future plans and attention to small detail is not considered; however, that is not the case with Meursault, â€Å"The two policemen took me into a small room that smelled of darkness†. Camus portrays imagery in this quote by mentioning â€Å"smelled of darkness†, which lets the reader visualize the small room that is buried in darkness (82). This demonstrates how Meursault paid attention to his surroundings rather than taking his faults into consideration.Camus has pointed out Meursaults differences compared to the people around him. T hese distinctions lead to the rejection by society that is also shown through imagery. He only follows his beliefs, resisting society’s, which why he is considered as a monster and later filed for execution where Meursault feels threatened by society: (f)or the first time in years I had this stupid urge to cry, because I could feel how much all these people hated me (90). For the first time in years, Meursault cries because he feels that so many people will view him differently, and that he is now considered guilty since he did not cry at his mothers funeral. By this quote, one can imagine the pressure surrounding Meursault, thus having a will to cry. As much rejection Meursault receives, he still refuses to change who he is, I have never seen a soul as hardened as yours. The criminals who have come before me have always wept at the sight of this suffering image (69). Camus uses this scene to show how he is different and how negative they think of him. With Meursaults differe nt ideology, he has difficulty in facing society since they consider him a criminal, isolating him from the rest.Gregor Samsa stands out due to his hideous body structure. Meursault holds a system of beliefs that alienates him from society. Through the vividly imagistic lives of the two characters, Kafka and Camus display the idea that social outcasts encounter harsh rejection from society and suffer as a result. We create a set of acceptable social and physical standards in our societies, and anyone who fails to follow such rules suffers painful consequences.Works CitedCamus, Albert. The Stranger. Trans. Trevor Le Gassick. New York, USA; Anchor Books, 1984.Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Trans. Max Hayward. New York, USA; Bantan Books, 1990.

Richard Nixon Was a Conservationist President

If you were asked to name one of the most environmentally conscious green presidents in United States history, who would come to mind? Teddy Roosevelt, Jimmy Carter, and Thomas Jefferson are prime candidates on many peoples lists. But how about Richard Nixon? Chances are, he wasnt your first pick. Despite the fact that Nixon continues to rank as one of the countrys least favorite leaders, the Watergate scandal wasnt his only claim to fame, and it certainly didnt represent the most profound impact of his presidency. Richard Milhous Nixon, who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 to 1974, was responsible for the establishment of some of the nations most important environmental legislature. President Nixon tried to gain some political capital--hard to come by during the Vietnam War and a recession--by announcing an Environmental Quality Council and a Citizens Advisory Committee on Environmental Quality, reported the Huffington Post. But people didnt buy it. They said it was just for show. So, Nixon signed legislation called the National Environmental Protection Act, which gave birth to the EPA as we know it now--right before what most people consider the first Earth Day, which was April 22, 1970. This action, in itself, has had had far-reaching effects on environmental policy and endangered species conservation, but Nixon didnt stop there. Between 1970 and 1974, he took several more significant strides toward protecting our countrys natural resources. Lets take a look at five more monumental acts passed by President Nixon that have helped maintain the environmental quality of our nations resources and also influenced numerous other countries around the globe to follow suit. Clean Air Act of 1972 Nixon utilized an executive order to create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), an independent government organization, in late 1970. Shortly after its establishment, the EPA passed its first piece of legislation, the Clean Air Act, in 1972. The Clean Air Act was, and remains today, the most significant air pollution control bill in American history. It required the EPA to create and enforce regulations to protect people from airborne pollution known to be hazardous to our health such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, ozone, and lead. Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 This act was also the first of its kind, designed to protect marine mammals like whales, dolphins, seals, sea lions, elephant seals, walruses, manatees, sea otters, and even polar bears from human-induced threats such as excessive hunting. It simultaneously established a system to allow native hunters to harvest whales and other marine mammals sustainably. The act created guidelines regulating the public display of captured marine mammals in aquarium facilities and regulated the import and export of marine mammals. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 Also known as the Ocean Dumping Act, this legislature regulates the deposit of any substance into the ocean that has the potential to harm human health or the marine environment. Endangered Species Act of 1973 The Endangered Species Act has been instrumental in protecting rare and declining species from extinction as a result of human activity. Congress granted numerous government agencies broad powers to protect species (particularly by preserving critical habitat). The act also entailed the establishment of the official endangered species list and has been referred to as the Magna Carta of the environmental movement. Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 The Safe Drinking Water Act was a critical turning point in the nations struggle to protect the imperiled quality of fresh water in lakes, reservoirs, streams, rivers, wetlands and other inland bodies of water as well as springs and wells that are used as rural water sources. Not only has it proved vital in maintaining a safe water supply for public health, but it has also helped keep natural waterways intact and clean enough to continue to support aquatic biodiversity, from invertebrates and mollusks to fish, birds, and mammals.

Abstract. This Term Paper Will Be On The Education Reform

Abstract This term paper will be on the education reform in 2016 for students that have learning disabilities. The term paper will identify the issues that are currently facing lower income communities in education. This year marks the 41st anniversary of the public law 94-142 The individual with disability education act (IDEA). The federal government has consistently cut funding that would allow the states to provide the adequate resources to give the department of education the supplies needed to provide proper reforms in their perspective states. In 1975 congress passed public law 94-142 The individual with disabilities education act (IDEA). This law is to ensure that†¦show more content†¦The paper will give more information on how legislation has been passed in the past years to provide better reforms which seems to still fall by the waist side. Lastly the author hopes to give information to the reader regarding the laws that govern education which can benefit the reader by being more informative. Part-1 Introduction Researchers define learning as a permanent change in performance of individuals undergoing the process of adaptation. Learning is considered as an act of individual to enhance his knowledge. Every person in this world will pay proper attention to what he learns, how he learns, and when he learns. There are specific learning styles for each one of us and it differs from person to person. And, it is due to this reason that researchers have defined nature of learning as paradoxical. Legislation of the US stipulates that every child deserves a good start in life and should be supported to fulfill his/her potential. It is notable that children develop quickly in their early ages, and their experiences under the age five have the huge impact on their life as adults. For this reason, it is vital that children get a safe and happy childhood in their right. Additionally, good parenting provides a high-quality learning experience for children; it provides the foundation that children must make the most of their talents and abilities. The United States possesses a strong tradition for equality in education sinceShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Immigration Throughout The United States1502 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with their rights to higher education. For this reason, the discussion on immigration has become a hot topic amongst the American population and therefore, the field of inquiry of many academic disciplines like: Education and Psychology. For example, Research Associate and Director of Education Programs at Hunter College, Luis O. 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The Harlem Renaissance Period Langston Hughes And Claude...

The Harlem Renaissance period was a time during the 1920s and 1930s in which the African American cultural, social, and artistic build up that took place in Harlem, New York. During this time period African Americans began expressing their thoughts and feelings towards slavery, segregation, as well discrimination received from the Whites. This was a time where many authors, poets and musicians made a stand and spoke out for themselves and their people. Langston Hughes and Claude McKay are two poets during this time period that expressed their thoughts and feelings to this time period, each in very different ways. Hughes and McKay each wrote touching poems that described their point of view to this time period in which they use various methods of tone and theme, as well as similes to convey a vivid image of how it was during this time period for African Americans. Hughes could easily be expressed as the Martin Luther King Jr. of the Harlem Renaissance period, as to where McKay would b e considered as Malcolm X of the time period. Langston Hughes was a major poet during the Harlem Renaissance period, who not only wanted to express the suffering but also the enjoyment of the time period. Hughes expresses his feelings, giving us the tone, in his poem â€Å"Harlem†, by addressing racism as well as oppression in a calm matter. Rather than accusing or addressing those at fault and whom he disagrees with, Hughes takes a different route and instead, in a roundabout way, questions theShow MoreRelatedRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesWright was justified in his assessment that literature was so concentrated on pandering to white readers thereby neglecting the needs of the â€Å"Negro masses.† In the following paragraphs, two literary works are examined namely Langston Hughes â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers,† and Claude McKay’s â€Å"If We Must Die.† In these literary works, it is evident that indeed the Negro writers were so engrossed wi th the idea of racial discrimination instead of suggesting positive actions that would help uplift the BlackRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Poets: Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Countee Cullen1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a time where creativity flourished throughout the African American community. At the time many African Americans were treated as second class citizens. The Harlem Renaissance acted as artistic and cultural outlet for the African-American community. The Harlem Renaissance, otherwise known as â€Å"The New Negro Movement† was an unexpected outburst of creative activity among African Americans In the poems Harlem by Langston Hughes, America by Claude McKay, and Incident by CounteeRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1515 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harlem Renaissance Poets consist of: James Weldon Johnson, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean (Eugene) Toomer, Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, Robert Hayden, and Gwe ndolyn Brooks. These eight poets contributed to modern day poetry in three ways. One: they all wrote marvelous poems that inspired our poets of modern times. Two: they contributed to literature to let us know what went on in there times, and how much we now have changed. And last but not least they all have written poems thatRead MorePoetrys Influences on the Harlem Renaissance2031 Words   |  9 PagesPoets like Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, and Claude McKay wrote many poems that spoke on equality in society. African Americans felt betrayed after the civil war. They had given their lives and after the war nothing had changed (Cartwright, â€Å"The Harlem Renaissance†). They were still not treated equal and didn’t get paid as much as any other worker. During the 1920’s they started a cultural and racial movement in Harlem, New York called the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a timeRead MoreHarlem Renaissance1248 Words   |  5 PagesHarlem Renaissance Brian Williamson Professor 11/25/2012 Strayer University Claude McKay was Jamaican American who moved from Jamaica to the United States in 1912. He attended the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This is where he received his first taste of racism here in America and this would have a drastic effect on his future writing. He left the Tuskegee Institute to attend school in Manhattan, Kansas. Mr. McKay then moved to New York invested in a restaurant and got married. The restaurantRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance: Creation of a New Nation Essays1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance created a new racial identity for African-Americans living in the United States, after the First World War. This new racial identity caused the African-Americans to become a nation within the United States. A nation is defined as a group of people that share common language, ethnicity, history, and culture. A nation of people may or may not have sovereignty. Harlem, a neighbourhood in Manhattan, New York City, emerged as the â€Å"race capital†1 for African-Americans living in theRead MoreHarlem And The Middle Of The 1930s1791 Words   |  8 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York between the conclusion of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period, Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents; this became known as The Great MigrationRead MoreClaude Mckay s Harlem Dancer And Ended Around 1929 Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began in 1918 with the publication of Claude McKay’s â€Å"Harlem Dancer† and ended around 1929. During this period, there was a wave of literary works by, and about, Blacks. The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great intellectual expression as well as introspect ion (Bodenner). There were several key moments and individuals that made this era of time historical. African American artists rejected imitating the ideals of white Americans and championed black artistic expression onRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : A Important Period Of History958 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance is a very important period in history for many reasons. The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic explosion that happened in Harlem. Harlem was a cultural center during this time. It drew black artists, musicians, writers, poets, and scholars. It was also very important because it affected black culture for the rest of time. It also advanced them greatly during that time. Black lives during the Harlem Renaissance were definitely not great still. ButRead More The Harlem Renaissance: Writers Reacting To Their Political Environment3405 Words   |  14 Pages The Harlem Renaissance emerged during turbulent times for the world, the Unite d States, and black Americans. World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 had left the world in disorder and stimulated anticolonial movements throughout the third world. In America, twenty years of progressive reform ended with the red scare, race riots, and isolationism throughout 1919 and led to conservative administrations through the twenties. While blacks were stunned by racial violence near the end of the

The Economic, Military And Civil Grievances And The...

The economic, military and civil grievances were essential in drafting the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration is one of the most admired and eloquent proclamations in American history. The document’s goal was to announce the independence of the original thirteen colonies by listing grievances concerning the tyranny of King George III of Great Britain. These original colonies were the first to come together to form the United States. It was adopted in its final form on July 4, 1776. The prominent author of the Declaration was Thomas Jefferson. He was one of the colonial Founding Fathers in Virginia. In 1769, Thomas Jefferson began his political career when he was elected to the House of Burgesses. A renowned author of prose, he was appointed to the Second Continental Congress to draft the Declaration of Independence. This notorious archive was vital to the sustainability of the colonies through economic, military and civil wellbeing. Economic concerns were of the foremost importance to the colonies. The Declaration of Independence states, â€Å"For imposing Taxes on [the colonists] without [their] Consent† (Declaration). Parliament began imposing direct taxes on the colonies in 1765. Two of the most prominent taxes include: the Navigation Acts and the Stamp Act. The Navigation Acts of 1651, passed in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, were legislative actions to enhance Great Britain’s international economic positions. This law prohibited foreign ships from tradingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Epitome of Enlightenment 1232 Words   |  5 PagesRevolution. The American Declaration of Independence, written in 1776 is one of the most significant examples of a document whose writing was motivated by enlightenment principles. (http://dogofletters.wordpress.com). It proposed some basic principles of how the authors believed humanity should be treated by a government and proscribed governmental actions th ey found reprehensible; therefore, it would not be wrong to call it an epitome of enlightenment. The Declaration of Independence is the most significantRead MoreThe Flag Of The Confederacy853 Words   |  4 Pages On July 4th, Americans remember and celebrate the Declaration of Independence. The nation pauses to commemorate the actions of the Founding Fathers, who led the way in the effort—now known as the American Revolution— to break apart from Britain. The American flag flies proudly across the land, its red, white and blue, its stars and its stripes, serving as a symbol of American pride. 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This resulted in revolts and boycotts that later turned into battles. †¢Over 20 battles occurred before independence was granted. †¢The British was losing power in the colonies after over half of their soldiers were killed. †¢News traveled slow resulting in a battle being fought after the British. Read MoreA Fight For Independence : Analyzing The First Chechen War1906 Words   |  8 PagesJorit Pfleiderer PSCI 2223 Term Paper A Fight for Independence: Analyzing the First Chechen War The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1980s is one of the most important events of modern history. It led to the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Consisting of all former soviet republics including Russia, this organization of sovereign states had to elect new governments to take over the dissolved ones. The imminent end of communist rule resulted in the democratizationRead MoreThe Colonial Revolution Vs The Egyptian Revolution1448 Words   |  6 Pagescomplicated constitutional argument that lasted thirteen years from 1763 to 1776 about the two versions of the unwritten British Constitution. The Egyptians were trying to overthrow the persistent rule by terror, prohibition of political rights and civil freedoms that they had experienced for thirty years along with the lack of free and fair elections, the widespread corruption. In addition, a sign of the times, opposition came through social networking websites and the spread of WikiLeaks scandal sRead MoreThe Colonial Revolution Vs The Egyptian Revolution1448 Words   |  6 Pagescomplicated constitutional argument that lasted thirteen years from 1763 to 1776 about the two versions of the unwritten British Constitution. The Egyptians were trying to overthrow the persistent rule by terror, prohibition of political rights and civil freedoms that they had experienced for thirty years along with the lack of free and fair elections, the widespread corruption. In addition, a sign of the times, opposition came through social networking websites and the spread of WikiLeaks scandalsRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence Essay5844 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1776) Thomas Jefferson Context The Declaration of Independence,  completed and signed in July of 1776, marked the official separation between the 13 colonies and Great Britain. An armed struggle between the colonies and Britain had begun just over a year before, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The formal declaration of independence established the new American revolutionary government and officially declared war against Great Britain. The primaryRead MoreThe Ethnic Group That Has Been Fighting For Independence From Russia1259 Words   |  6 Pages The Chechens are an ethnic group that has been fighting for independence from Russia for four centuries. Most Chechens are Sunni Muslims, and almost all Russians are Orthodox Christians. The independence struggle has long been more about nationality than religion. Chechen identity is fiercely independent, anti-hierarchical, and rests on clan and honor. Chechnya is a disputed republic within Russia located in the Southern Caucasus region between Black and Caspian Seas and northRead MoreDeclaration of Independence9744 Words   |  39 PagesArtistry of the Declaration of Independence by Stephen E. Lucas The Declaration of Independence is perhaps the most masterfully written state paper of Western civilization. As Moses Coit Tyler noted almost a century ago, no assessment of it can be complete without taking into account its extraordinary merits as a work of political prose style. Although many scholars have recognized those merits, there are surprisingly few sustained studies of the stylistic artistry of the Declaration.(1) This essay

Instagram Term Paper Free Essays

AMA COMPUTER LEARNING CENTER COLLEGE Tagbilaran City, Bohol INSTAGRAM (Android Application) A term paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY by: Josie Marie Mosqueda Edralyn Tutor 2012 ABSTRACT Today the folks responsible for one of the most popular social photography apps in the world  have brought that entertainment to  Android– and here we’re going to review it! What you’ll find is that this app is extremely similar to the iOS version, it having the ability to snap photos, edit them in brief, and send them out to several social networks. This Android version is said to be superior to the iOS version in several ways by its developers. This app got extremely popular on iOS because it allowed (and still allows) you to do three different activities in one app – photography, sharing, and editing of photos. We will write a custom essay sample on Instagram Term Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Here on Android you’ve got several of those abilities built in – the HTC One series in-particular has some pretty amazing photo editing, taking, and sharing abilities. INTRODUCTION An important application for the tech-savvy crowd, Instagrams are all about the beauty of capturing moments through man-made lenses and sharing it with your near and dear! As Will Smith says â€Å" Life is not about number of breadths you take, it is about number of moments take your breath away†. Moments like that don’t happen everyday, but can be captured and cherished for the rest of your lives, thanks to the app called Instagram! Instagrams are solely for the Apple person, that is compatible with Iphones, Ipads, Ipod Touch with an iOS version of 3. 1. 2 or above. Instagram, the popular photo sharing application which gained prominence on iOS – is now available for Android. Complete with a beautiful user interface and a full feature-set, it seems to have been worth the nail biting. It is a free photo sharing application which helps you to click pictures, apply fresh effects on them using their inbuilt filters and then post it online on any social networking site like Foursquare, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr etc. A list of the most popular filters are the Walden Filter, the X Pro II, the Lomo-Fi, the Brannan, the Hefe, the Earlybird, the Sutro, the Poprocket, the Nashville and the Gotham. HISTORY Below is a short Infographic on Instagram’s history. TIMELINE DISCUSSION Felling the walled garden Instagram and  Hipstamatic, a digital photography application for iOS devices, entered into a partnership that would allow photos from the app to be directly ported into Instagram. â€Å"I’m a huge fan of what Hipstamatic is doing and all they’ve accomplished,† Systrom  said. â€Å"They were iPhone App of the Year in 2010 and we got 2011. We have a huge amount of respect for that whole team both as fellow photographers and entrepreneurs. † â€Å"Really it comes down to this: People post Hipstamatic photos on Instagram all the time, and we just want to make that experience easier. † Pictures paint more than a thousand words Instagram already has seven million users all over the world and the number is only going to get bigger when the Android app launches. There are loads of awesome photos available on Instagram today and these photos are inspiring others to follow suit. Taking Photos with Instagram Instagram has a built-in camera function, making it easy to quickly snap a photo to share in the app. You can also pull photos directly from your iPhone photo library, so you can share older photos taken with your iPhone or photos synced from your iPhoto library on your computer. All Instagram photos are square, so after you take or select a shot you are presented with an easy interface to scale and crop it. Transforming Photos with Instagram After your photo is cropped, you can transform the look of it with a variety of filters. Most of the filters are designed to give your photo a vintage look, bringing back polaroids and old black-and-white pictures. While quick Photoshop style filters are often considered cheap tricks, people have embraced Instagram because it simply makes photo sharing fun. Photo Sharing with Instagram When you are done editing an Instagram, you can choose to share it just within the app or on Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, Posterous, Tumblr and Foursquare. Instagram also creates a web page with your image that you can link to, but that’s as far as the website goes. It is not the place to follow people, view galleries or submit photos. All of that functionality is reserved for the app itself, where you can view photos from your friends, see popular photos, and find people to follow and more. FEATURES OF INSTAGRAM * 100% free custom designed filters and borders The Lux: A new feature given by the makers to bring out the inner nuances in your picture with nothing but a tap on the picture! Best part in using Lux is that it can be used even without a filter. * Instant sharing to Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, and Foursquare (Flickr coming very soon) * A new filter called the Sierra. * Interact with friends through giving ; receiving likes and comments * Works with Android versions 2. 2 and above that support OpenGL ES 2 * Full front ; back camera support SCREENSHOTS ADVANTAGES OF INSTAGRAM Instagram is great especially if you are fond of taking pictures and uploading them right away for other people to see. * It is fast like when you took a picture, uploaded it and it will automatically be uploaded or posted on your facebook account, twitter and tumblr. * It offers a lot of effects, or if you want your photo to have a frame or not. * You can be updated on your friends’ happenings or your friends’ important announcements. * A great way of making or meeting new friends. * You can also advertise your own products if you have some business or shops. You can take a photo of your products and post it on instagram and it can help you gain more customers. * Another great thing is that, there are some photo applications that you can directly upload on instagram the photos you have taken or edited. One of this is the photoshake, it’s up to you if you want to upload the photo you took directly on instagram or just save it on your mobile phone or tablet. DISADVANTAGE OF INSTAGRAM * Privacy – where in, every detail and every photo that you will be uploading, a lot of people might see it. Rumors can also start by others seeing some photos of you not being good. Your life can be at danger especially if you always takes a photo of you on where you at and what are you doing. CONCLUSION Above all, Instagram is made for us to enjoy the convenient of taking some pictures with our loved ones. And take note, important pictures with our friends, family, classmates or any special ones. Instagram is not made to make rumors of other people, to make fun at them and to invade others privacy. The team has certainly come a long way, to create a better world for its users. How to cite Instagram Term Paper, Essays

Case Study Project Management Methodologies

Question: Case Study: Project management methodologies. Answer: Abstract This paper takes a close analysis about the effectiveness of a project, the efficiency of a project manager, methodologies and technical support needed for a project success. However, alot of tasks are required to be perfomed for project monitoring, activity networks construction, project cost analysis and plan generation. Accordingly, developing experimental Introduction Project management is mainly divided into various categories or domains that contribute to the projects life cycle. Some stages, which cover some or other processes in the business finance services. For example, the use of PMBOK guide which is used as the most popular project management standards, and is developed by the Institute of Project Management (PMI). In this project we analyse the 5 basic stages of a business finance services project, called groups processes:(Charvat, 2003) they include; initiation, planning, implementation, monitoring, control and closure. The same is used in business financial projects. The life cycle of a business finance project is be defined as the period of time since the first project idea until the complete elimination of the business finance project time. Like any type of project during its lifetime, the business project goes through various phases and stages that must be managed. A broad division of the life cycle of the project, classified in the following phases: In these phases very different essential job tasks are presented. The establishment of these project areas in large groups of tasks that must be managed, the following names could be used:(Charvat, 2003) Project Initiation Project initiation is the basic conception and start-up of a project. In business finance service, the conception stage is the project commencement ,followed by planning, implementing, monitoring, control and closure. Phases of life cycle management of business finance services Project initiation, in the broadest sense, means combining the factors location, project idea and capital with the ultimate goal of creating sustainable business finance services projects economically competitive, generators and consolidators employment and social compatible and environmentally, which they can take advantage of durable and cost effective manner.(Cleland and Ireland, 2008) Determining factors in the business finance services project Some of the procedures to evaluate these determinants are: Market analysis and location Investment analysis, risk and sensitivity Development of ideas and alternatives and exploitation Development of financial alternatives Legal analysis for the project Management and project control There are many definitions of project management. For example in business finance services, defines it as "the set of all tasks, organization, techniques and directing means, for the full realization of a project". If we have that under the "direct" understand the control and management of activities in a necessary organization for the purpose of greater hierarchical importance, it is manifest that in the business finance project, its management includes tasks client / promoter.(Cleland and Ireland, 2008) So that from the Project management, client functions / promoter assume, these have to be delegated. Customer tasks can be classified, not delegated tasks (eg .: definition of the project objective, closing contracts for the realization of these objectives, supreme control and facilitation of temporary and quantitatively appropriate means) delegable Delegable, but under no circumstances, any of the agents already involved in monitoring and control tasks in the project, since this can lead to conflicts of interest. By extension, and face some tasks more easily, a small portion of non-delegable tasks, are also designated as belonging to the project managemen(Cleland and Ireland, 2008)t. For the part of delegated tasks, control project addresses client features that are neutral and independent perception, in the technical, economic and legal sense of a construction project. an overview of how they could be assumed tasks shown, as may be delegated or not delegated, for the direction, management or control of the project. In short, in terms of the tasks that are specific client / promoter, we could differentiate between: Project management, consisting of Project Management and Project Control Control of the project, which is an advisory service without authority decision, which is part of the template in the structure of the organization. Project management, comprising part of the functions of client / promoter with decision-making powers and imposition. So, you integrating the direction and control in the organizational structure thereof, would fall within the Project Management (Project Management), as shown in the business finance services project. integration-address-and-control-project-in-the-organization-promoter Facility Management and Building Management Best level practice in business finance services project Business finance services is, together with workers, capital and technology, one of the most important strategic resource for maintaining and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. To achieve optimal evolution of values, they have established methods and management procedures, which are included in a concept internationally assumed: Facility Management. According to European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the British Standards (BSI), Facility Management is "the integration of processes within an organization to maintain and develop the agreed services that enhance and maintain the effectiveness of its primary activities" On the other hand, the Society for Facility Management describes Facility Management as "a set of business processes that are aimed at improving the flexibility of utilization, labor productivity and return on capital through the integration of planning, control and operation of buildings, facilities and equipment.(Gould and Joyce, 2000) Life Cycle Continous Improvement Diagram As for this project the it will require a continuous improvement diadram that will help achieve its desired effect. DIAGRAM 1 IMPROVE PLAN EVALUATE IMPLEMENT DIAGRAM 2 Exploratory .investigating of new opportunities within the project Explore technological readiness Evaluate pre concept match with users Concept Stakeholders needs identification Evaluation of alternative project concepts Development Develop desired plan Production Perform system impact test Utilization Operate system to utilize users needs Support Provide sustained project capability With these definitions clarify the often misinterpreted difference Management building as Facility Management not only includes the step of use or use, but must be integrated from the planning phase. This is clear why Facility Management is used sometimes as a concept of utmost importance for all activities within the life cycle of the property. Key tasks of the Facility Management The aim of the Facility Management must be both relationships to achieve optimal value-added processes, to contribute, through reducing costs and building operation, increase the value of the company. Management building and operational management during the construction of the project or use of the building forms the main part of the Facility Management. It can be defined as "the set of all services for the management and administration of buildings on the basis of global strategies, including financial and technical elements and commercial and infrastructure services. The successful operation of the building depends crucially on the quality of the relevant information of the building, which, to a certain time of commissioning, is collected in a structured way. For this reason, the Facility Management must be established to advise on the Project Management and in the early stages of planning. That is precisely the main task of the figure of the Facility Manager technical advice around the building, as defined decisive information for the designer in later stages. Enterprise project management methodologies The definition phase is fundamentally a planning phase. Every project must be some proportionality between the effort of planning and implementation effort. So bad is trying to get a perfect plan that considers every detail, as a project without a plan. Must "plan the work and then work according to plan." Many projects fail because it begins to run from poor planning, which often results in numerous changes, cost overruns and delays. Smart planning is one of the keys to successful project management. The business plan is the main deliverable of this phase. The business plan is a description of the reasons why the project is undertaken together with justification thereof, based on cost estimates, durations, risks and expected benefits. The business plan must answer for both questions: what goals are to be achieved, because it is important to reach them, and how and when they met. The business plan consists of:(Gould and Joyce, 2000). Estimate of cost, time and schedule, and risks. This information is taken from the project plan Quality management plan The performing organization should identify the minimum organizational level must have the sponsor to act as such (functional responsible, responsible for programs, etc.), authority for decision making level, and the body they must report. In addition to the authority to start the project by providing it with funds and resources and the appointment of project manager, the minutes of the project must contain the high-level objectives of the project: cost, duration, expected quality, scope description at a high level, and justification or benefits expected from the project. The three elements of the management process should be used to ensure effective OSH performance. OSH program in the construction of the Management of a construction project unlike running a factory where it operates "Regularity conditions" in most cases, business finance services projects are aimed mainly due transient organizations. The projects have a beginning and an clear, and in between the end often they have a very intense activity. This applies to most business finance services projects. Project Planning and Scope OSH program in the business finance services project "Basic view" of the key objectives of a construction project OSH program in the business and finance project Limitations of a "basic view" Modern management methods can reduce the degree of granting required (ie the dimensions triangle project are reduced). It is a narrow economic vision of a project. Project managers are critical to meeting the executive functions of management, especially leadership. most of business finance projects require a certain amount of directors projects, who must work together effectively. Main Project managers in the business finance services project are: the customer's project manager, who will lead the entire project representation of the client, from beginning to end; project manager of the design team, who will work with the director customer project and direct the entire design team and their advisors specialized; Y project manager of the business finance company, who will lead all project as provided in the business finance contract, including all subcontractors and suppliers. Effective project manager are: be a good team leader, able to establish good relations; have an open and honest style of management; be a good communicator - "direction as a performing art" be able to focus on results, and have a "sense of mission"; be competent from the technical point of view, and understand the process construction; be competent from the financial point of view, ie, understanding revenues and project costs; have confidence and perseverance - "when things get tough, the strong are those who keep going "; understand management systems and use them effectively. OSH program in the construction and engineering project management Factors that affect project success Financial developers and builders reveal factors affecting development works in the project They consider that some public works face problems during the planning and execution for lack of clarity that can exist when planning land use and infrastructure planning in general. A more detailed studies and previous designs, the lower the unforeseen situations in the works, and therefore budgets are developed and which give rise to budget availability with which contracted state entities will be less likely to have failure of resources in the contracts. The degree of accuracy in determining the cost of a project can vary from 75-80% in the feasibility stage (phase II engineering), up to 90-95% if there detailed financial services (phase III). That is, more information to less uncertainty in the final cost. Social management (to affected communities) and environmental (on the impact of the works) in construction projects often exceeds the capacity of management of state contractors, given that decisions on these issues are in the hands of public entities that have jurisdiction over different aspects of the projects. In many cases, simple administrative decisions as authorization for the transfer of trees or decisions for handling the debris, are adopted belatedly and inopportune which creates delays in implementation and difficulties for the contractor for minor drawbacks, reveals the report. The capacity of the contracting entities to manage decisions that affect or are the responsibility of other entities in the district order is practically nil, especially if one considers that in the case of utilities, these decisions generate the need to postpone project activities, possible price increases and rethink the implementation schedule. On the other hand, greater synchronicity of the contracting entities with the environmental authorities is required since in many cases the process for licenses and permits takes much longer than that required by the pace of work. Conclusion In many cases, social management prebusiness financial services projects are poor or non-existent. These deficiencies create difficulties during project implementation to the extent they can generate social discontent of population groups (merchants, neighbours, users, among other communities) which can even be converted into protests that end up affecting the project implementation(Twort and Rees, 2004). The reality shows that when a project is completed, the client, and many of the other parties involved, tend to forget that the project was carried out quickly and a low cost, and will care more about the quality of installations already completed. References Charvat, J. (2003).Project management methodologies. New York: Wiley. Cleland, D. and Ireland, L. (2008).Project manager's handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. Closing the gaps in project management systems. (1984). Guildford: Butterworths. Collins, R. (2011).Project management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Gould, F. and Joyce, N. (2000).Construction project management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lock, D. (2004).Project management in construction.Aldershot: Gower. Perrin, R. (2008).Real world project management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Smith, N. (2002).Engineering project management. Ames, IA: Blackwell Science. Tang, S. (2003).Modern construction project management. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Twort, A. and Rees, J. (2004).Civil engineering project management. Oxford: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. Yellamraju, V. (2011).LEED-new construction project management. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine Essay Example

Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine Paper Having chosen the particular subject of Medicine for our research article, we picked up â€Å"The Right Medicine† as our article topic. With the modern advances of science, we, young adults, often ask ourselves who should we follow, scientific reason or traditional remedies? Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (), exercise ( ) and dietary therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an empirical medicine and was developed in the old days in the absence of systemic scientific knowledge. Thus, it is a product of the accumulated clinical observations gathered over centuries of practice. Traditional Chinese medicine is based on Yingyangism ( the combination of Five Phases theory with Yin-Yang Theory). Yin and yang are ancient Chinese concepts which can be traced back to the Shang dynasty (1600–1100 BC). They represent two abstract and complementary aspects that every phenomenon in the universe can be divided into. Primordial analogies for these aspects are the sun-facing (yang) and the shady (yin) side of a hill. Two other commonly used representational allegories of yin and yang are water and fire. In the yin-yang theory, detailed attributions are made regarding the yin or yang character of things: Phenomenon Yin Yang Celestial Bodies Moon Sun Gender Female Male Location Inside Outside. We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Traditional Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Temperature Cold Hot Direction Downward Upward Degree of humidity Damp/Moist Dry The concept of yin and yang is also applicable to the human body; for example, the upper part of the body and the back are assigned to yang, while the lower part of the body are believed to have the yin character. Yin and yang characterization also extends to the various body functions, and more importantly to disease symptoms for example cold and heat sensations are assumed to be yin and yang symptoms, respectively. Thus, yin and yang of the body are seen as phenomena whose lack or overabundance comes with characteristic symptom combinations: Yin vacuity (also termed vacuity-heat): heat sensations, possible night sweats, insomnia, dry pharynx, dry mouth, dark urine, a red tongue with scant fur, and a fine and rapid pulse. The Yang vacuity (also termed vacuity-cold): aversion to cold, cold limbs, bright white complexion, long voidings of clear urine, diarrhea, pale and enlarged tongue, and a slightly weak, slow and fine pulse. The Five Phases Theory (), sometimes also translated as the Five Elements theory, presumes that all phenomena of the universe and nature can be broken down into five elemental qualities – represented by wood (? ), fire (? ), earth (? ), metal (? ), and water (? ). In this way, lines of correspondence can be drawn: Element Corresponding Organ Wood Liver Fire Heart Earth Spleen Metal Lung Water Kidney TCMs view of the body places little emphasis on anatomical structures, but is mainly concerned with the identification of functional entities (which regulate digestion, breathing, aging etc. ). While health is perceived as harmonious interaction of these entities and the outside world, disease is interpreted as a disharmony in interaction. TCM diagnosis consists in tracing symptoms to patterns of an underlying disharmony, mainly by palpating the pulse and inspecting the tongue. Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced and perfected over thousands of years. Through the use of herbal concoctions, acupuncture, massage and Qigong, most every ailment and condition can be treated. Chinese medicine also focuses on disease prevention and overall health maintenance. Acupuncture ( ) is one of the most popular forms of TCM. It involves the use of strategically placed needles which are inserted into the skin along the points of the meridian system. This practice has proved to be effective for treating a wide range of health issues. Some of the conditions that acupuncture is used to treat include chronic pain, depression, stress, muscle tension, migraines, headaches, osteoporosis, frozen shoulder, allergies, skin conditions, infertility, insomnia and a lot more. Qigong Therapy ( ) works to restore the flow of Qi and balance yin and yang. Qigong therapy involves the use of certain poses and movements called Qigong exercise. It also utilizes deep breathing and may include meditation, which work to improve and restore balance. Qigong not only treats existing ailments but also helps to prevent disease and ill-health in general. Conditions treated with Qigong therapy include: headaches, PMS, insomnia, fatigue, allergies, arthritis, indigestion, kidney disease, rheumatism among others. Chinese herbal concoctions ( ) are given in the form of teas, pills, and tonics. They typically involve a specific mix of several herbs. There are thousands of different combinations. An herbalist will observe the patient and analyze his condition in order to prescribe a specific mixture that will benefit him exclusively. Some ailments that herbs can help include: insomnia, anxiety, depression, fatigue, headaches, colds, kidney problems, migraines, etc.. Cupping ( ) is a type of Chinese massage, consisting of placing several glass cups (open spheres) on the body. A match is lit and placed inside the cup and then removed before placing the cup against the skin. As the air in the cup is heated, it expands, and after placing in the skin, cools, creating lower pressure inside the cup that allows the cup to stick to the skin via suction. When combined with massage oil, the cups can be slid around the back, offering reverse-pressure massage. It is commonly used to cure the common cold, pneumonia and bronchitis and can also reduce the swelling and relieve pain. Gua Sha is abrading the skin with pieces of smooth jade, bone, animal tusks or horns or smooth stones; until red spots then bruising cover the area to which it is done. It is believed that this treatment is for almost any ailment including cholera. The red spots and bruising take 3 to 10 days to heal, there is often some soreness in the area that has been treated. Die-da ( ) or bone-setting is usually practiced by martial artists who know aspects of Chinese medicine that apply to the treatment of trauma and injuries such as bone fractures, sprains, and bruises. Some of these specialists may also use or recommend other disciplines of Chinese medical therapies (or Western medicine in modern times) if serious injury is  involved. Such practice of bone-setting ( or ) is not common in the West. Another method is Chinese Food Therapy ( ) is a practice in the belief of healing through the use of natural foods instead of medications. One of the central ideas in this belief system is that certain foods have a hot or heat inducing quality while others have a cold or chilling effect on ones body, organs or energy levels. The idea being that ones imbalance of natural heat and cold in a body can cause disease or be more conducive towards sickness. Although, in this belief system, it does not necessarily mean ones internal heat or cold balance is directly related to being physically hot (to the point of sweating) or cold (feeling chilly from cold weather). As an example, if one had a cold, or felt he was about to get a cold, he would not want to eat any cold foods such as a lemon, melon or cucumber. If one had a so-called hot disease, like eczema, then he would not want to eat hot foods such as garlic, onions, or chocolate lest the hot disease is worsened. Indeed, it is thought by some that these hot or cold properties of foods are so intense that merely the eating of too many of one or another can actually cause diseases. For example, the eating of too many hot foods like chili peppers or lobster could cause a rash, or the eating of too many cold foods such as watermelon, or seaweed could cause one to develop stomach pain or diarrhea. In this way, this health system is in direct opposition to the germ theory of disease (where microbes are described as the cause of many disease states) and evidence-based medicine. It is related to the concept of ? nei-waixie in Chinese medicine, being more aligned with Claude Bernard, and Antoine Bechamps biological terrain theory of disease. This belief in foods having inherent hot or cold properties is prevalent throughout greater China. It is particularly popular among Cantonese people who enjoy slow-cooked soups. One of the most commonly known is a rice soup that goes by many names including congee and jook (Mandarin zhou). This is a traditional breakfast for Asian people all over the world. Congee recipes vary infinitely, depending upon the desired health benefits as well as taste. On the other hand, Western medicine is the term used to describe the treatment of medical conditions with medications, by doctors, nurses and other conventional healthcare providers who employ methods developed according to Western medical and scientific traditions. It differs from Chinese, or alternative, medicine, in its approach to treatment, which relies heavily upon industrially produced medications and a strict adherence to the formal scientific process. Western medicine encompasses all types of conventional medical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and physical therapy. The practitioners of Western medicine are doctors, nurses, physical, occupational, and respiratory therapists. Generally, anyone visiting a doctors office or hospital will receive allopathic treatment. Western Medicine is the art and science of healing as practiced by physicians and similar professionals and encompasses all sciences related to it. It is the applied science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness in human beings. Contemporary Medicine applies health science, biomedical research, and medical technology to diagnose and treat injury and disease, typically through medication or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, protheses, biologics, ionizing radiation and others. Western medicine is subject to rigorous safety and effectiveness protocols. Treatments and medications pass a strict review before a patient can receive them. Western medicine has a long history of safety to back up various treatment protocols. Before a new treatment or drug is approved for use on the public, it goes through an extensive testing process, first in the laboratory, and then through several layers of patient testing. Some people become frustrated with Western medicine because the approval process for new treatments is so lengthy. Western medicine practitioners are generally willing to work with other  allopathic practitioners to devise the best course of care for a particular injury or illness. One patient may have a primary care physician, a surgeon, a physical therapist, and an occupational therapist. They will share information with each other to help improve the prognosis, and reduce the potential downtime for each patient. Some of these practitioners may also be willing to work with practitioners of alternative, and Eastern medicine, though this is less common. Consider a visit to a Western trained physician for any condition that is serious or invasive. The decision to treat a serious medical condition with alternative medicine is not a decision to make lightly. Instead, talk to a traditional doctor about any concerns about a specific treatment, and seek second opinions whenever possible. Western medicine encompasses all types of conventional medical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and physical therapy. Conventional medicine is the mainstream medicine in the US. It involves regular medical doctors, pharmaceuticals and general medical practices such as cardiology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, etc. Complementary and alternative medicine is a group of practices and therapies that are considered to be outside the realm of conventional medicine. As medicine evolves, some practices that were considered complementary and alternative may become a part of conventional medicine and will no longer be considered alternative. Cardiologists and general physicians now regularly use fish oil (a supplement) to reduce triglycerides and improve heart health. Although fish oil is found over the counter it is also available by prescription. It is definitely moving more into the mainstream. Digitalis used as a leaf had been used for centuries to treat certain heart problems. Modern medicine has been using it as a regular, conventional medication (in the form of a pill of course). As medicine evolves more complementary therapies may become conventional and the two may merge into one. Conventional medicine is a system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also called allopathic medicine, biomedicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and Western medicine. In the States, there are three categories for drugs: over-the-counter (OTC) medications, which are available in pharmacies and supermarkets without special restrictions, behind-the-counter (BTC), which are dispensed by a pharmacist without needing a doctors prescription, and prescription only medicine (POM), which must be prescribed by a licensed medical professional, usually a physician. Surgery is an ancient medical speciality that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance. Chemotherapy, broadly speaking, is any regimen of therapy that makes use of chemicals to try to fight a disease. More specifically, it usually refers to a specific set of practices in which chemicals are used to help fight cancer. Since the widespread adoption of chemotherapy to fight cancer, the more general use of the term is rarely used outside of medical circles Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individuals immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. Vaccination table, showing vaccines to be taken from birth till adulthood. A surgeon might be able to reattach a limb or repair a broken bone, but it often takes physical therapy to restore a patients function. Physical therapy, broadly speaking, involves direct manipulation of muscles, joints and other parts of the body affected by an injury or chronic illness. It often involves strength training, heat treatments, massage and supervised exercises. Individual regimens often depend on the type of injury or condition, the patients age and specialized treatments prescribed by a medical professional. Physical therapy may also involve the use of braces, walkers or other mobility aids. Patients may be encouraged to exercise the injured areas while wearing supportive devices. Water therapy may also be used to reduce the amount of weight placed on an injured limb. Therapy sessions may also duplicate the conditions patients may face at work or home during a typical day. But with all that talk, we asked ourselves, what is the difference between Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. When going to the doctors or the hospital in China, a normal observation by a doctor is centered around â€Å" † which means observation, auscultation and smelling, interrogation and palpitation. The doctor will firstly observe the patients mental state, complexion, then look at his/her tongue, this being an important part of the observation (? ). The doctor will also listen to any particular sound or smell produced by the patient which is part of the â€Å"? †. â€Å"? † means asking patients questions about the patients condition and finally â€Å"? † involves taking the patients pulse. â€Å" † provides the Chinese doctor with all of the information he needs to make a diagnosis, simple but very straightforward method that has been working for more than 2000 years. In the US, a normal observation by a doctor would start with checking the patients vitals, which would mean taking the pulse, using a stethoscope to check your lungs and respiratory system. Also a nurse would usually also come and take a vial of the patients blood for a blood test. An X-ray may also been required or an MRI depending on the patients symptoms. In addition to the diagnosis differences, we also came up with a series of differences between Chinese and Western medicine. The table below is a compilation of all our findings. Chinese Medicine  Western Medicine Key Beliefs Qi is life. Qi is heart of medicine. Life and Medicine are one. Humans can control nature. Foreign invader causes illness. Control of symptoms leads to a cure of disease. Health A state of well being in which the body is vital, balanced ; adaptive to its environment. Absence of disease, pain, defect, or symptoms of illness. Illness Sickness Disease Disharmony/ Imbalance and loss of adaptability (a defect of function/energy). Any deviation of the body from its normal or healthy state. A defect of tissue or structure. A destructive process with a specific cause and characteristic symptoms, a particular disorder. Symptoms Manifestation of the bodys attempt to heal itself, therefore, messages, signals of unattended, underlying issues; or signs that something needs balancing. Manifestation of the disease, therefore, they are disagreeable phenomena to be eliminated or suppressed. Causes of Illness Any action/force which interferes with the balance and movement of bio-energy: ones constitution, psyche, lifestyle, trauma, environmental stress (nature or human). A foreign invader, an extraneous force or pathogen: distinct entities with unique causes originating outside the body for every clinical disorder. Multiple Causes Illness is the end result of multiple insults to the body. Singular causes for each disorder/or disease. Progression of illness Four stages of illness from energy imbalances causing functional changes that can initiate a progression of chronic illness preceding pathological changes in tissue. A progression of a particular disease is noted, but only disorders of form and structure (morphology) are recognized, not progression of functionality into structure. Model of Medicine Man as ecosystem, a garden; harmony. Man as machine; conflict. Physician As gardener, assistant: to cultivate life, to help patient get/stay well. As mechanic: to fix what is broken. Diagnosis: Understanding the Illness Perceiving the relationships between all the patients signs and symptoms. Uncovering a disease entity separate from the patients being. Treatment Preventing illness by balancing disharmonious energy and counselling lifestyle management. Curing named disease and suppressing symptoms through drugs or surgery. Science  Of observation and experimentation, the original science, of anciently understood Einsteinian physics and quantum field mechanics where E=MC2. Of reduction and induction, analytic and controlled science, of a mechanical Newtonian physics, long ago proved wrong at the cosmic sub-molecular levels. Measure for diagnosis Human senses: pulse, tongue, eyes, colouring. Laboratory equipment. Mind-Body relation Mind and body are one, inextricably interconnected. All medicine is psychosomatics. Mind and body are separate and not necessarily connected. Key limitations  Dependent on harmony with nature, it was not developed to deal with the worst of Western life: overwhelming and unprecedented environmental pollution, iatrogenic illness, and consequences of the Western philosophy of individualism and the controlling and defeating nature. Unaware of energy-based physiology (Qi), it therefore cannot detect, classify, measure or alter its effects in its beginning stages of illness. From this flaw stem not only the remaining differences listed above, but the worst consequences of western medicine? regularly and inevitably, it harms people. Key Strengths Prevention, handling chronic illness and self-care: Because it recognizes the key role of lifestyle and the psyche in energetic changes that can progress toward illness. Handling structural defects: trauma and life-threatening illnesses. In the end, we believed that there was no better medicine. Both Chinese and Western medicine have their pros and cons. In the US, they have nearly to no knowledge of Traditional medicine. After passing around a survey, we realised that americans generally know a bit about acupuncture and some even  showed interest into trying TCM. The choice of whether they would try TCM or not was not based upon the table of differences we showed them or talked about, it was based on their personal beliefs, background and culture. In China, Western medicine has been been used more regularly by Chinese people who are more for a quick recover than one that can take longer. Young adults are more westernised now and often request for the â€Å"modern medicine†. Even when having a fever, some of them prefer getting UVs instead of going for a more natural approach. This is according to me, the main problem that needs to be addressed. I believe that the perfect scenario would be the balance of both Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Sometimes the other may be less invasive than the latter which may be better for the patient. I hope that after our presentation that day that we did influence some of our teammates and the people present on that day. If the next time they are at the doctors and just for a second think twice of which treatment is the best for them, then I believe that my job has been well done. References: 1. World Health Organization (online 2002) WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2002-2005 [http://whqlibdoc. who. int/hq/2002/WHO_EDM_TRM_2002. 1. pdf] (accessed 11 December 2006) 2. White House Commission on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Policy. [http://www. whccamp. hhs. gov/finalreport. html] 3. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Five year strategic plan. [http://nccam. nih. gov/about/plans/fiveyear/fiveyear. pdf] 4. Rao JK et al. (1999) Use of complementary therapies for arthritis among patients of rheumatologists. Ann Intern Med 131: 409-416 5. Angell M and Kassirer JP (1998) Alternative medicine—the risks of untested and unregulated remedies. N Engl J Med 339: 839-841 6. Ebell MH et al. (2004) Strength of recommendation taxonomy (SORT): a patient-centered approach to grading evidence in the medical literature. Am Fam Physician 69: 548-556 7. Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. [emailprotected] hku. hk 8. www. EzineArticles. com/1993132 9. wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine